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Metallic nanoparticles display fascinating properties that are quite different from those of individual atoms, surfaces or bulk rmaterials. They are a focus of interest for fundamental science and, because of their huge potential in nanotechnology, they are the subject of intense research effort in a range of disciplines. Applications, or potential applications, are diverse and interdisciplinary. They include, for example, use in biochemistry, in catalysis and as chemical and biological sensors, as systems for nanoelectronics and nanostructured magnetism (e.g. data storage devices), where the

Mechanical properties of solids --- Materials sciences --- Nanoparticles. --- Metal clusters.

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This comprehensive treatment of the smelting industry of Colorado, originally published in 1979, is now back in print with a new preface by the author. Packed with fascinating statistics and mining data, Ores to Metals details the people, technologies, and business decisions that have shaped the smelting industry in the Rockies. Although mining holds more of the glamour for those in and interested in the minerals industry, smelters have continuously played a critical role in the industry's evolution since their introduction in Colorado in the 1860's. At that time, miners desperately needed

Mineral industries --- Smelting --- History. --- Rocky Mountains Region --- Extractive industries --- Extractive industry --- Metal industries --- Mines and mining --- Mining --- Mining industry --- Mining industry and finance --- Metallurgy --- Industries --- Smelting. --- Mineral industries. --- Rocky Mountains Region.

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Corrosion and anti-corrosives. --- Electrolytic corrosion. --- Electrochemical corrosion --- Galvanic corrosion --- Corrosion and anti-corrosives --- Electrolysis --- Anti-corrosive paint --- Atmospheric corrosion --- Metal corrosion --- Metals --- Rust --- Rustless coatings --- Chemical inhibitors --- Chemistry, Technical --- Fouling --- Materials --- Weathering --- Paint --- Protective coatings --- Waterproofing --- Corrosion --- Deterioration --- Surfaces

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The paper analyzes Chile's structural balance fiscal rule in the face of copper price shocks originating in foreign copper demand. It uses a version of the IMF's Global Integrated Monetary and Fiscal Model (GIMF) that includes a copper sector. Two results are obtained. First, Chile's current fiscal rule performs well if the policymaker puts a small weight on output volatility (relative to inflation volatility) in his/her objective function. A more aggressive countercyclical fiscal rule can attain lower output volatility, but there is a trade-off with (somewhat) higher inflation volatility and (much) higher volatility of fiscal variables. Second, given its current stock of government assets, Chile's adoption of a 0.5% surplus target starting in 2008 is desirable from a business cycle perspective. This is because the earlier 1% target would have required significant further asset accumulation that could only have been accomplished at the expense of greater volatility in fiscal instruments and therefore in GDP.

Political Science --- Law, Politics & Government --- Public Finance --- Fiscal policy --- Finance, Public --- Cameralistics --- Public finance --- Tax policy --- Taxation --- Government policy --- Currency question --- Economic policy --- Public finances --- Investments: Metals --- Inflation --- Macroeconomics --- Metals and Metal Products --- Cement --- Glass --- Ceramics --- Macroeconomics: Consumption --- Saving --- Wealth --- Labor Economics: General --- Price Level --- Deflation --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- Investment & securities --- Labour --- income economics --- Public finance & taxation --- Copper --- Consumption --- Labor --- Revenue administration --- Economics --- Labor economics --- Prices --- Revenue --- Chile

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The paper uses an event study methodology to investigate which and how macroeconomic announcements affect commodity prices. Results show that gold is unique among commodities, with prices reacting to specific scheduled announcements in the United States and the Euro area (such as indicators of activity or interest rate decisions) in a manner consistent with gold's traditional role as a safe-haven and store of value. Other commodity prices, where such news is significant, exhibit pro-cyclical sensitivities and these have risen somewhat as commodities have become increasingly financialized. These results are important for those trading in the commodity markets on a frequent basis and long-term market participants that take their decisions based on information on price fundamentals, which are reflected in the release of macroeconomic announcements.

Finance --- Business & Economics --- Money --- Gold. --- Macroeconomics. --- Foreign exchange rates. --- Exchange rates --- Fixed exchange rates --- Flexible exchange rates --- Floating exchange rates --- Fluctuating exchange rates --- Foreign exchange --- Rates of exchange --- Specie --- Rates --- Economics --- Native element minerals --- Precious metals --- Transition metals --- Investments: Commodities --- Investments: Metals --- Inflation --- Macroeconomics --- Commodity Markets --- Metals and Metal Products --- Cement --- Glass --- Ceramics --- Price Level --- Deflation --- Investment & securities --- Commodity prices --- Gold --- Gold prices --- Commodities --- Prices --- Commercial products --- United States